Templeton State School was the former name of Templeton Developmental Center, a facility for people with developmental disabilities in Templeton. It was founded in 1899 as a farm colony of the Fernald School in Waltham, Massachusetts, and was considered an innovative and progressive institution at the time. The farm colony provided a useful and happy living situation for trained adult males who had no prospect of living outside the institution. The farm produced abundant food for its own use and the Fernald Schoo,l and achieved national recognition for its agricultural production between the 1930s and the 1960s.

The facility changed its name several times over the years, reflecting the changing attitudes and terminology regarding people with disabilities. Today, Templeton Developmental Center is still operating, but with a much smaller population and staff than in its heyday. It is located near the Baldwinville Railroad Station, about six miles from the town of Baldwinville.